Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop in the lymphatic system, an essential part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, and other tissues that help protect the body against infection.
There are two main types of lymphoma:
Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Each type includes several subtypes and can affect people of all ages. Treatment options and outcomes vary depending on the specific diagnosis.
According to the National Cancer Registry’s 2024 data, non-Hodgkin lymphoma was the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer among South African men and the eighth among women, with a combined total of 2 346 cases recorded. The registry also recorded 659 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma during the same year.
Recognising the Warning Signs
Because lymphoma symptoms can resemble those of other conditions, they are not always immediately recognised. Possible warning signs include:
Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin, often without pain
Persistent or unexplained fatigue
Unexplained weight loss
Fever or recurring infections
Drenching night sweats
Persistent itching
Abdominal swelling or discomfort
A cough, chest discomfort, or shortness of breath.
Having one or more of these symptoms does not necessarily mean a person has lymphoma.
However, symptoms that persist, worsen, or have no obvious explanation should be assessed by a healthcare professional.
Early medical assessment can help ensure timely investigations, diagnosis, and access to appropriate treatment and support.
